bhagavadrāmānujaviracitaṃ
śrīmadgītābhāṣyam
pañcamōädhyāya:
caturthēädhyāyē karmayōgasya jñānākāratāpūrvakasvarūpabhēdō jñānāṃśasya ca prādhānyamuktam jñānayōgādhikāriṇō-äpi karmayōgasyāntargatātmajñānatvādapramādatvātsukaratvānnirapēkṣatvācca jyāyastvaṃ tṛtīya ēvōktam . idānīṃ karmayōgasyātmaprāptisādhanatvē jñānaniṣṭhāyāśśaighryaṃ karmayōgāntargatākartṛtvānusandhāna-prakāraṃ ca pratipādya tanmūlaṃ jñānaṃ ca viśōdhyatē .
arjuna uvāca
saṃnyāsaṃ karmaṇāṃ kṛṣṇa punaryōgaṃ ca śaṃsasi .
yacchrēya ētayōrēkaṃ tanmē brūhi suniścitam . 1 .
karmaṇāṃ saṃnyāsaṃ jñānayōgaṃ puna: karmayōgaṃ ca śaṃsasi . ētaduktaṃ bhavati dvitīyēädhyāyē mumukṣō: prathamaṃ karmayōga ēva kārya:, karmayōgēna mṛditānta:karaṇakaṣāyasya jñānayōgēnātmadarśanaṃ kāryamiti pratipādya punastṛtīyacaturthayō: jñānayōgādhikāradaśāpannasyāpi karmaniṣṭhaiva jyāyasī, saiva jñānaniṣṭhānirapēkṣā ātmaprāptau sādhanamiti karmaniṣṭhāṃ praśaṃśasi iti . tatraitayōrjñānayōgakarmayōgayōrātmaprāptisādhanabhāvē yadēkaṃ saukāryacchaighryācca śrēya: śrēṣṭhamiti suniścitam, tanmē brūhi . 1 .
śrībhagavānuvāca
saṃnyāsa: karmayōgaśca niśśrēyasakarāvubhau .
tayōstu karmasaṃnyāsātkarmayōgō viśiṣyatē . 2 .
saṃnyāsa: jñānayōga:, karmayōgaśca jñānayōgaśaktasyāpyubhau nirapēkṣau niśśrēyasakarau . tayōstu karmasaṃnyāsājjñānayōgātkarmayōga ēva viśiṣyatē . 2 .
kuta ityatrāha –
jñēya: sa nityasaṃnyāsī yō na dvēṣṭi na kāṅkṣati .
nirdvandvō hi mahābāhō sukhaṃ bandhātpramucyatē . 3 .
ya: karmayōgī tadantargatātmānubhavatṛptastadvyatiriktaṃ kimapi na kāṅkṣati, tata ēva kimapi na dvēṣṭi, tata ēva dvandvasahaśca sa nityasaṃnyāsī nityajñānaniṣṭha iti jñēya: . sa hi sukarakarmayōganiṣṭhatayā sukhaṃ bandhātpramucyatē . 3 .
jñānayōgakarmayōgayōrātmaprāptisādhanabhāvēänyōnyanairapēkṣyamāha –
sāṃkhyayōgau pṛthagbālā: pravadanti na paṇḍitā: .
ēkamapyāsthitassamyagubhayōrvindantē phalam . 4 .
jñānayōgakarmayōgau phalabhēdātpṛthagbhūtau yē pravadanti, tē bālā: aniṣpannajñānā: na paṇḍitā: akṛtsnavida: . karmayōgō jñānayōgamēva sādhayati jñānayōgastvēka ātmāvalōkanaṃ sādhayatīti tayō: phalabhēdēna pṛthaktvaṃ vadantō na paṇḍitā ityartha: . ubhayōrātmāvalōkanaikaphalayōrēkaphalatvēna ēkamapyāsthitastadēva phalaṃ labhatē . 4 .
ētadēva vivṛṇōti –
yatsāṃkhyai: prāpyatē sthānaṃ tadyōgairapi gamyatē .
kaṃ sāṃkhyaṃ ca yōgaṃ ca ya: paśyati sa paśyati . 5 .
sāṃkhyai: jñānaniṣṭhai: . yadatmāvalōkanarūpaṃ phalaṃ prāpyatē, tadēva karmayōganiṣṭhairapi prāpyatē . ēvamēkaphalatvēnaikaṃ vaikalpikaṃ sāṃkhyaṃ yōgaṃ ca ya: paśyati, sa paśyati sa ēva paṇḍita ityartha: .5.
iyān viśēṣa ityāha –
saṃnyāsastu mahābāhō du:khamāptumayōgata: .
yōgayuktō munirbrahma na cirēṇādhigacchati . 6 .
saṃnyāsa: jñānayōgastu ayōgata: karmayōgādtē prāptumaśakya: yōgayukta: karmayōgayukta: svayamēva muni: ātmamananaśīla: sukhēna karmayōgaṃ sādhayitvā na cirēṇa alpēnaiva kālēna brahmādhigacchati ātmānaṃ prāpnōti . jñānayōgayuktastu mahatā du:khēna jñānayōgaṃ sādhayati du:khasādhyatvādātmānaṃ cirēṇa prāpnōtītyartha: . 6 .
yōgayuktō viśuddhātmā vijitātmā jitēndriya: .
sarvabhūtātmabhūtātmā kurvannapi na lipyatē . 7 .
karmayōgayuktastu śāstrīyē paramapuruṣārādhanarūpē viśuddhē karmaṇi vartamāna: tēna viśuddhamanā: vijitātmā svābhyastē tē karmaṇi vyāpṛtamanastvēna sukhēna vijitamanā: , tata ēva jitēndiya: karturātmanō yāthātmyānusandhāna-niṣṭhatayā sarvabhūtātmabhūtātmā sarvēṣāṃ dēvādibhūtānāmātmabhūta ātmā yasyāsau sarvabhūtātmabhūtātmā . ātmayāthātmya-manusandhānasya hi dēvādīnāṃ svasya caikākāra ātmā dēvādibhēdānāṃ prakṛtipariṇāmaviśēṣarūpatayā-tmākāratvāsaṃbhavāt . prakṛtiviyukta: sarvatra dēvādidēhēṣu jñānaikākāratayā samānākāra iti ‘nirdōṣaṃ hi samaṃ brahma‘ iti anantaramēva vakṣyatē . sa ēvaṃbhūta: karma kurvannapi anātmanyātmābhimānēna na lipyatē na saṃbadhyatē . atōäcirēṇātmānaṃ prāpnōtītyartha: .7 .
yata: saukaryācchaighryācca karmayōga ēva śrēyān, atastadapēkṣitaṃ śṛṇu –
naiṣa kiñcitkarōmīti yuktō manyēta tattvavit .
paśyan śṛṇvan spṛśan jighranaśnan gacchan svapan śvasan . 8 .
pralapan visṛjan gṛhṇanunmiṣannimiṣannapi .
indriyāṇīndriyārthēṣu vartanta iti dhārayan . 9 .
ēvamātmatattvavicśrōtrādīni jñānēndriyāṇi, vāgādīni ca karmēndriyāṇi, praṇāśca svaviṣayēṣu vartanta iti dhārayananusandhāna: nāhaṃ kiṃcitkarōmīti manyēta jñānaikasvabhāvasya mama karmamūlēndriyaprāṇasaṃbandhakṛtamīdṛśaṃ kartṛtvam na svarūpaprayuktamiti manyētētyartha: . 8 – 9.
brahmaṇyādhāya karmāṇi saṅgaṃ tyaktvā karōti ya: .
lipyatē na sa pāpēna padmapatramivāmbhasā . 10 .
brahmaśabdēna prakṛtirihōcyatē . mama yōnirmahadbrahma (bha.gī.14.3) iti hi vakṣyatē . indriyāṇāṃ prakṛtipariṇāmaviśēṣarūpatvēna indriyākārēṇāvasthitāyāṃ prakṛtau paśyañchṛṇvan ityādyuktaprakārēṇa karmāṇyādhāya, phalasaṅgaṃ tyaktvā, naiva kiṃcitkarōmīti ya: karmāṇi karōti, sa prakṛtisaṃsṛṣṭatayā vartamānōäpi prakṛtyātmābhimānarūpēṇa bandhahētunā pāpēna na lipyatē . padmapatramivāmbhasā yathā padmapatramambhasā saṃsṛṣṭamapi na lipyatē, tathā na lipyata ityartha: . .
kāyēna manasā buddhyā kēvalairindriyairapi .
yōgina: karma kurvanti saṅgaṃ tyaktvātmaśuddhayē . 11 .
kāyamanōbuddhīndriyasādhyaṃ karma svargādiphalasaṅgaṃ tyaktvā yōgina ātmaviśuddhayē kuranti ātmagataprācīnakarmabandhavināśāya kurvantītyartha: . 11 .
yukta: karmaphalaṃ tyaktvā śāntimāpnōti naiṣṭhikīm .
ayukta: kāmakārēṇa phalē saktō nibadhyatē .12.
yukta: ātmavyatiriktaphalēṣvacapala: ātmaikapravaṇa:, karmaphalaṃ tyaktvā kēvalamātmaśuddhayē karmānuṣṭhāya naiṣṭhikīṃ śāntimāpnōti sthirāmātmānubhavarūpāṃ nirvṛtimāpnōti . ayukta: ātmavyatiriktaphalēṣu capala: ātmāvalōkanavimukha: kāmakārēṇa phalē sakta: karmāṇi kurvannityaṃ karmabhirbadhyatē nityasaṃsārī bhavati . ata: phalasaṅgarahita: indriyākārēṇa pariṇatāyāṃ prakṛtau karmāṇi saṃnyasya ātmanō bandhamōcanāyaiva karmāṇi kurvītētyuktaṃ bhavati . 12 .
atha dēhākārēṇa pariṇatāyāṃ prakṛtau kartṛtvasaṃnyāsa ucyatē –
sarvakarmāṇi manasā saṃnyasyāstē sukhaṃ vaśī .
navadvārē purē dēhī naiva kurvanna kārayan . 13 .
ātmana: prācīnakarmamūladēhasaṃbandhaprayuktamidaṃ karmaṇāṃ kartṛtvam na svarūpaprayuktamiti vivēkaviṣayēṇa manasā sarvāṇi karmāṇi navadvārē purē saṃnyasya dēhī svayaṃ vaśī dēhādhiṣṭhānaprayatnamakurvan dēhaṃ ca naiva kārayan sukhamāstē .13. sākṣādātmana: svābhāvikaṃ rūpamāha –
na kartṛtvaṃ na karmāṇi lōkasya sṛjati prabhu: .
na karmaphalasaṃyōgaṃ svabhāvastu pravartatē . 14 .
asya dēvatiryaṅmanuṣyasthāvarātmanā prakṛtisaṃsargēṇa vartamānasya lōkasya dēvādyasādhāraṇaṃ kartṛtvaṃ tattadasādhāraṇāni karmāṇi tattatkarmajanyadēvādiphalasaṃyōgaṃ ca, ayaṃ prabhu: akarmavaśya: svābhāvikasvarūpēṇāvasthita ātmā na sṛjati nōtpādayati . kastarhi? svabhāvastu pravartatē . svabhāva: prakṛtivāsanā . anādikālapravṛtta-pūrvapūrvakarmajanitadēvādyākāraprakṛtisaṃsargakṛtatattadātmābhimāna- janitavāsanākṛtamīdṛśaṃ kartṛtvādikaṃ sarvam na svarūpaprayuktamityartha: . 14 .
nādattē kasyacitpāpaṃ na caiva sukṛtaṃ vibhu: .
ajñānēnāvṛtaṃ jñānaṃ tēna muhyanti jantava: . 15 .
kasyacitsvasaṃbandhitayābhimatasya putrādē: pāpaṃ du:khaṃ nādattē nāpanudati . kasyacit pratikūlatayābhimatasya sukṛtaṃ sukhaṃ ca nādattē nāpanudati . yatōäyaṃ vibhu: na kvācitka:, na dēvādi-dēhādyasādhāraṇadēśa:, ata ēva na kasyacitsaṃbandhī, na kasyacitpratikūlaśca . sarvamidaṃ vāsanākṛtam. ēvaṃsvabhāvasya kathamiyaṃ viparītavāsanā utpadyatē? ajñānēnāvṛtaṃ jñānaṃ jñānavirōdhinā pūrvapūrvakarmaṇā svaphalānubhavayōgyatvāya asya jñānamāvṛtaṃ saṃkucitam . tēna jñānāvaraṇarūpēṇa karmaṇā dēvādidēhasaṃyōgastattadātmābhimānarūpamōhaśca jāyatē . tataśca tathāvidhātmābhimāna vāsanā, taducitakarmavāsanā ca vāsanātō viparītātmābhimāna:, karmārambhaścōpapadyatē . 15 .
sarvaṃ jñānaplavēnaiva vṛjinaṃ saṃtariṣyati (bha.gī.4.36), jñānāgni: sarvakarmāṇi bhasmasātkurutē tathā (bha.gī.4.37), na hi jñānēna sadṛśaṃ pavitram (bha.gī.4.38) iti pūrvōktaṃ svakālē saṃgamayati –
jñānēna tu tadajñānaṃ yēṣāṃ nāśitamātmana: .
tēṣāmādityavajjñānaṃ prakāśayati tatparam . 16 .
ēvaṃ vartamānēṣu sarvēṣvātmasu yēṣāmātmanāmuktalakṣaṇēna ātmayāthātmyōpadēśajanitēna ātmaviṣayēṇa aharaharabhyāsādhēyātiśayēna niratiśayapavitrēṇa jñānēna tat jñānāvaraṇamanādikālapravṛttānantakarmasaṃcaya-rūpamajñānaṃ nāśitam, tēṣāṃ tatsvābhāvikaṃ paraṃ jñānamaparimitamasaṃkucitamādityavatsarvaṃ yathāvasthitaṃ prakāśayati . tēṣāmiti vinaṣṭājñānānāṃ bahutvābhimānādātmasvarūpabahutvam, na tvēvāhaṃ jātu nāsam (bha.gī.2.12) ityupakramāvagatamatra spaṣṭataramuktam . na cēdaṃ bahutvamupādhikṛtam vinaṣṭājñānānāmupādhigandhābhāvāt . tēṣāmādityavajjñānam iti vyatirēkanirdēśājjñānasya svarūpānubandhidharmatvamuktam . ādityadṛṣṭāntēna ca jñātṛjñānayō: prabhāprabhāvatōrivāvasthānaṃ ca . tata ēva saṃsāradaśāyāṃ jñānasya karmaṇā saṃkōcō mōkṣadaśāyāṃ vikāsaścōpapanna: . 16 .
tadbuddhayastadātmanastanniṣṭhāstatparāyaṇā: .
gacchantyapunarāvṛttiṃ jñānanirdhūtakalmaṣā: . 17 .
tadbuddhaya: tathāvidhātmadarśanādhyavasāyā:, tadātmāna: tadviṣayamanasa:, tanniṣṭhā: tadabhyāsaniratā:, tatparāyaṇā: tadēva paramaprayōjanamiti manvānā:, ēvamabhyasyamānēna jñānēna nirdhūtaprācīnakalmaṣā: tathāvidhamātmanamapunarāvṛttiṃ gacchanti . yadavasthādātmana: punarāvṛttirna vidyatē, sa ātmā apunarāvṛtti:. svēna rūpēṇāvasthitamātmānaṃ gacchantītyartha: . 17 .
vidyāvinayasaṃpannē brāhmaṇē gavi hastini .
śuni caiva śvapākē ca paṇḍitā: samadarśina: . 18 .
vidyāvinayasaṃpannē, kēvalabrāhmaṇē, gōhastiśvaśvapacādiṣu atyantaviṣamākāratayā pratīyamānēṣu ātmasu paṇḍitā: ātmayāthātmyavida:, jñānaikākāratayā sarvatra samadarśina: viṣamākārastu prakṛtē:, nātmana: ātmā tu sarvatra jñānaikākāratayā sama iti paśyantītyartha: . 18 .
ihaiva tairjitassvargō yēṣāṃ sāmyē sthitaṃ mana: .
nirdōṣaṃ hi samaṃ brahma tasmādbrahmaṇi tē sthitā: . 19 .
ihaiva sādhanānuṣṭhānadaśāyāmēva tai: sargō jita: saṃsārō jita: yēṣāmuktarītyā sarvēṣvātmasu sāmyē sthitaṃ mana: . nirdōṣaṃ hi samaṃ brahma . prakṛtisaṃsargadōṣaviyuktatayā samamātmavastu hi bramha . ātmasāmyē sthitāścēdbrahmaṇi sthitā ēva tē brahmaṇi sthitirēva hi saṃsārajaya: . ātmasu jñānaikākāratayā sāmyamēvānusandhānā muktā ēvētyartha: . 19 .
yēna prakārēṇāvathitasya karmayōgina: samadarśanarūpō jñanavipākō bhavati, taṃ prakāramupadiśati –
na prahṛṣyētpriyaṃ prāpya nōdvijētprāpya cāpriyam .
sthirabuddhirasaṃmūḍhō brahmavidbrahmaṇi sthita: . 20 .
yādṛśadēhasthasya yadavasthasya prācīnakarmavāsanayā yatpriyaṃ bhavati, yaccāpriyam, tadubhayaṃ prāpya harṣōdvēgau na kuryāt . katham? sthirabuddhi: sthirē ātmani buddhiryasya sa: sthirabuddhi:, asaṃmūḍhō asthiēṇa śarīrēṇa sthiramātmānamēkīkṛtya mōha: saṃmōha: tadrahita: . tacca katham? brahmavidbrahmaṇi sthita: . upadēśēna brahmavitsan tasmin brahmaṇyabhyāsayukta: . ētaduktaṃ bhavati tattvavidāmupadēśēna ātmayāthātmyavidbhūtvā tatraiva yatamānō dēhātmābhimānaṃ parityajya sthirarūpātmāvalōkanapriyānubhavē vyavasthita: asthirē prākṛtē priyāpriyē prāpya harṣōdēvēgau na kuryāditi . 20 .
bāhyasparśēṣvasaktātmā vindatyātmani ya: sukham .
sa brahmayōgayuktātmā sukhamakṣayamaśnutē . 21 .
ēvamuktēna prakārēṇa bāhyasparśēṣu ātmavyatiriktaviṣayānubhavēṣu, asaktātmā asaktamanā: antarātmanyēva ya: sukhaṃ vindati labhatē, sa prakṛtyabhyāsaṃ vihāya brahmayōgayuktātmā brahmābhyāsayuktamanā: brahmānubhavarūpamakṣayaṃ sukhaṃ prāpnōti . 21 .
prākṛtasya bhōgasya sutyajatāmāha –
yē hi saṃsparśajā bhōgā du:khayōnaya ēva tē .
ādyantavanta: kauntēya na tēṣu ramatē budha: . 22 .
viṣayēndriyasparśajā: yē bhōgā: du:khayōnayastē du:khōdarkā: . ādyantavanta: alpakālavartinō hi upalabhyantē . na tēṣu tadyāthātmyavidramatē . 22 .
śaknōtīhaiva ya: sōḍhuṃ prākśarīravimōkṣaṇāt .
kāmakrōdhōdbhavaṃ vēgaṃ sa yukta: sa sukhī nara: . 23 .
śarīravimōkṣaṇātprākihaaēva sādhanānuṣṭhānadaśāyamēva ātmānubhavaprītyā kāmakrōdhōdbhavaṃ vēgaṃ sōḍhuṃ nirōddhuṃ ya: śaknōti, sa yukta: ātmānubhavāyārhā: . sa ēva śarīravimōkṣōttarakālamātmānubhavaika-sukhassaṃpatsyatē . 23 .
yōäntassukhōäntarārāmastathāntarjyōtirēva ya: .
sa yōgī brahma nirvāṇaṃ brahmabhūtōädhigacchati . 24 .
yō bāhyaviṣayānubhavaṃ sarvaṃ vihāya antassukha: ātmānubhavaikasukha:, antarārāma: ātmaikōdyāna: svaguṇairātmaiva sukhavardhakō yasya sa tathōkta:, tathāntarjyōti: ātmaikajñānō yō vartatē, sa brahmabhūtō yōgī brahmanirvāṇamātmānubhavasukhaṃ prāpnōti . 24 .
labhantē brahmanirvāṇamṛṣaya: kṣīṇakalmaṣā: .
chinnadvaidhā yatātmānassarvabhūtahitē ratā: . 25 .
cchinnadvaidhā: śītōṣṇādidvandvairvimuktā:, yatātmāna: ātmanyēva niyamitamanasa:, sarvabhūtahitē ratā: ātmavatsarvēṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ hitēṣvēva niratā:, ṛṣaya: draṣṭāra: ātmāvalōkanaparā:, ya ēvambhūtāstē kṣīṇāśēṣātmaprāptivirōdhikalmaṣā: brahmanirvāṇaṃ labhantē . 25 .
uktalakṣaṇānāṃ brahma atyantasulabhamityāha –
kāmakrōdhaviyuktānāṃ yatīnāṃ yatacētasām .
abhitō brahmanirvāṇaṃ vartatē vijitātmanām . 26 .
kāmakrōdhviyuktānāṃ yatīnāṃ yatanaśīlānāṃ yatacētasāṃ niyamitamanasāṃ vijitātmanāṃ vijitamanasāṃ, brahmanirvāṇamabhitō vartatē . ēvaṃbhūtānāṃ hastasthaṃ brahmanirvāṇamityartha: . 26 .
uktaṃ karmayōgaṃ svalakṣyabhūtayōgaśiraskamupasaṃharati –
sparśān kṛtvā bahirbāhyāṃścakṣuścaivāntarē bhruvō: .
prāṇāpānau samau kṛtvā nāsābhyantaracāriṇau . 27 .
yatēndriyamanōbuddhirmunirmōkṣaparāyaṇa: .
vigatēcchābhayakrōdhō ya: sadā mukta ēva sa: . 28 .
bāhyān viṣayasparśān bahi: kṛtvā bāhyēndriyavyāpāraṃ sarvamupasaṃhṛtya, yōgayōgyāsanē ṛjukāya upaviśya cakṣuṣī bhruvōrantarē nāsāgrē vinyasya nāsābhyantaracāriṇau prāṇāpānau samau kṛtvā ucchvāsaniśvāsau samagatī kṛtvā ātmāvalōkanādanyatra pravṛttyanarhēāndriyamanōbuddhi:, tata ēva vigatēcchābhayakrōdha:, mōkṣaparāyaṇa: mōkṣaikaprayōjana:, muni: ātmāvalōkanaśīla: ya:, sa: sadā mukta ēva sādhyadaśāyāmiva sādhanadaśāyāmapi mukta ēvētyartha: . 27 – 28.
uktasya nityanaimittikakarmētikartavyatākasya karmayōgasya yōgaśiraskasya suśakatāmāha –
bhōktāraṃ yajñatapasāṃ sarvalōkamahēśvaram .
suhṛdaṃ sarvabhūtānāṃ jñātvā māṃ śāntimṛcchati . 29 .
yajñatapasāṃ bhōktāraṃ sarvalōkamahēśvaraṃ sarvabhūtānāṃ suhṛdaṃ māṃ jñātvā śāntimṛcchati, karmayōgakaraṇa ēva sukhamṛcchati . sarvalōkamahēśvaraṃ sarvēṣāṃ lōkēśvarāṇāmapīśvaram . tamīśvarāṇāṃ paramaṃ mahēśvaram (śvē.6.7) iti hi śrūyatē . māṃ sarvalōkamahēśvaraṃ sarvasuhṛdaṃ jñātvā madārādhanarūpa: karmayōga iti sukhēna tatra pravartata ityartha: suhṛda ārādhanāya hi sarvē pravartantē . 29 .
. iti śrībhagavadrāmānujaviracitē śrīmadgītābhāṣyē pañcamōädhyāya:. 5.
